Today, more than 30 million people - nearly two-thirds of the population - are in need of humanitarian assistance. An estimated 11 to 15 million people have been displaced, making this the largest displacement crisis globally. Reports suggest that hundreds of thousands of civilians have lost their lives since the start of the conflict.
Three years of war in Sudan: a deepening humanitarian crisis
Since April 2023, Sudan has been affected by a violent conflict between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). What began as a power struggle has evolved into one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises, with devastating consequences for civilians across the country.
14 April 2026
Widespread violence and protection concerns
Civilians continue to face extreme levels of violence. Heavy weaponry and drone attacks are used in densely populated areas, while reports of sexual and gender-based violence are widespread, particularly during attacks on cities and in displacement settings.
At the same time, humanitarian access is increasingly constrained. Health workers and facilities have been targeted, and arbitrary detention and intimidation further complicate the delivery of essential services.
Collapse of basic services
After three years of conflict, much of Sudan’s infrastructure has collapsed. More than 70% of health facilities are no longer functioning, leaving millions without access to basic care. Disruptions to water, sanitation and electricity systems have contributed to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera.
Food insecurity has reached critical levels. In some areas, food is deliberately used as a weapon of war, increasing the risk of famine. More than 500,000 children are estimated to suffer from severe acute malnutrition.
ZOA’s response in Sudan
ZOA has remained present in Sudan throughout the conflict, providing support to hundreds of thousands of people. This includes assistance with food security, such as supporting community kitchens in areas where people are returning, as well as shelter, water, sanitation and hygiene services. Women and girls receive dignity kits and access to protection-focused support.
Alongside material assistance, efforts are made to support people in rebuilding their livelihoods and restoring a sense of stability in highly uncertain conditions.
Looking ahead
After three years of war, humanitarian needs in Sudan remain immense. The scale and complexity of the crisis require sustained attention and support. ZOA is committed to continuing its work in Sudan, standing alongside communities affected by conflict and working towards recovery and resilience, even in the most challenging circumstances.